There are fewer rules than people expect, but the ones that exist are strictly enforced.
Avoid white and very light tops
Against a white background, a white shirt makes your shoulders disappear and the automated check can fail to find your outline. Mid-tone colours work best.
No uniforms or camouflage
Most authorities prohibit uniforms, including military and airline uniforms, in civilian ID photos.
Head coverings
Religious head coverings are permitted almost everywhere, provided the full face from the bottom of the chin to the top of the forehead stays visible with no shadow.
Jewellery and hair
Keep both out of your face. Large earrings are usually fine; anything that obscures the jawline or an eye is not.
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